Definitions

New Paragraph - You can indicate a new paragraph by indentions, size, typeface, color, symbols, and more.

things to look out for when hyphenating text - Some things to look out for when hyphenating text are awkward breaks and hyphenating proper nouns. You want to have at least two letters in your hyphenation and sometimes three.

font hinting- Font hinting is the use of instructions to adjust the display of an outline font so that it lines up with a rasterized grid. At small screen sizes, hinting is critical for producing clear, legible text for human readers.

letterspacing/tracking - Tracking is the adjustment of space for groups of letters and entire blocks of text. It changes the overall appearance and readability of the text, making it more open and airy or more dense. You can track in Illustrator by selecting the range of characters or the type object that you want to adjust and setting the tracking option in the character panel. In InDesign, you can also change the track by selecting the range of characters and in the character panel or control panel, type or select a numeric value for tracking.

Kerning- Kerning is the process of adding or subtracting space between specific pairs of characters. Metrics kerning uses kern pairs, which are included with most fonts. Kern pairs contain information about the spacing of specific pairs of letters, which include: LA, To, Ta, Tu, Te, Ty, Wa, WA, and more. In both Illustrator and InDesign, kerning can be adjusted by changing the number in the character panel with the kerning option that looks like A\V.

Word spacing - Wordspacing is the size of the space between words.

DIN - European paper size that the biggest piece a huge poster size and all the other sizes go down by folding it in half basically.

baseline grid - is an imaginary grid upon which type sits. The baseline of a piece of type can be forced to 'snap' to this grid to maintain continuity across the pages of a design.

characters per line is optimal - The optimal line length for your body text is considered to be 50-60 characters per line, including spaces. Some suggest up to 75 characters. In order to avoid the drawbacks, you should stay in between 45-75 characters per line.

aesthetic text alignment - Hanging punctuation and optical alignment makes text edges look more orderly and balanced. The Misalignment is especially noticeable when the text is larger so designers often push it outside of the textbox to avoid the awkward space.

typographic river - A river typically occurs in justified text block when the separation of the words leaves gaps of white space in several lines.

Widow - is a lone word at the end of a paragraph.

Orphan - is the final one or two lines of a paragraph separated from the main paragraph to form a new column, and should be avoided at all costs.